Dental Assistant Practice Exam

What is the primary function of cementum in dental anatomy?

1. Provides nutrients to the tooth

2. Anchors the tooth to the bony socket

3. Produces enamel

4. Supports the overall structure of the jaw

The correct answer is: Anchors the tooth to the bony socket

The primary function of cementum is to anchor the tooth to the bony socket, which is facilitated through the periodontal ligament. Cementum is a calcified tissue covering the roots of teeth, and it plays a crucial role in securing the tooth within the alveolar bone. By providing a surface for the periodontal fibers to attach, cementum helps maintain tooth stability during chewing and other forces applied to the teeth. Cementum differs from enamel and dentin in both composition and function. Unlike enamel, which is produced by ameloblasts and protects the tooth crown, cementum does not produce enamel; hence, the option referring to enamel production is not relevant to cementum's function. Additionally, while supporting the overall structure of the jaw is essential, this is not primarily the responsibility of cementum, but rather a collective function of various structures in the oral cavity, including the alveolar bone and periodontal ligaments. Finally, cementum does not provide nutrients to the tooth; that role is fulfilled by the blood supply through the dental pulp.