Dental Assistant Practice Exam

What is a characteristic of free-living microorganisms like fungi?

1. They reproduce through leaf-like structures

2. They require a host organism to grow

3. They lack chlorophyll

4. They can store energy as starch

The correct answer is: They lack chlorophyll

Free-living microorganisms, such as fungi, are indeed characterized by their lack of chlorophyll. This trait distinguishes them from photosynthetic organisms, which use chlorophyll to capture light energy for growth and energy production. Fungi do not perform photosynthesis; instead, they obtain their nutrients through the decomposition of organic matter, reflecting their role as saprophytes or decomposers in the ecosystem. While fungi can store energy in the form of glycogen, which is different than starch, their primary method of obtaining energy does not involve chlorophyll or photosynthesis, setting them apart from plants and other photosynthetic organisms. The other options regarding reproduction through leaf-like structures, the need for a host organism, and energy storage do not accurately describe the defining characteristics of free-living fungi. Fungi reproduce through spores and do not require a host for their life cycle, highlighting their independent existence in various environments. Their energy storage mechanisms differ significantly from that of those organisms that utilize photosynthesis.